NCERT-GEOGRAPHY-CLASS-07-CHAPTER-01

on

  


👉NCERT-GEOGRAPHY-CLASS-6-NOTES👀


Environment


Anything in our surroundings, whether

01-   the natural or

02-   the human-made or

03-   Humans themselves are all part of our environment.

Note- 

Why are human beings, despite being naturally created components, considered a separate element of the environment?

 

Because-

  • have the ability to think, create, plan, modify, and control their surroundings.
  • Other living organisms mostly depend on nature as it is, but human beings can change the natural environment according to their needs. 
  • For example, humans discovered fire and its systematic use.
  • Humans discovered and developed agriculture with related practices, which is still in innovation mode. 
  • Discovery of civilisation and it's institutionalization, and that's how we turn from Nomadic to settlers, resulting in the foundation of the "village system".
  • In the modern era, we went one step ahead in our civilisation building, where we developed the urban clusters, which means more modification in our surrounding natural environment.
  • And now the next step of the future-ready Smart City.
  • Human-built -
  1. houses, 
  2. roads, 
  3. bridges, 
  4. dams, 
  5. farms, 
  6. factories, 
  7. schools, 
  8. cities,
  9.  transport systems. These changes create the human-made environment.
  • But most importantly, why are human beings different? because they can regulate and manage-
  1. their population, 
  2. Use technology, 
  3. conserve resources, and 
  4. restore damaged parts of the environment. 
  5. We can plant trees, 
  6. Protect wildlife, 
  7. clean rivers, 
  8. control pollution, and 
  9. Use resources carefully.
  • Therefore, human beings are treated as a separate component of the environment because they act as a link between the natural environment and the human-made environment. They can both modify and replenish the environment.

    👉 For OTHER SUBJECTS Study click on SITEMAP 👀


 

Fundamental Components of Environment

  • There are 03 fundamental components of the environment

  1. Natural, 
  2. Human-made and
  3. human itself

 

Biotic -&- Abiotic

      

  • The combined zone of
  1. animal kingdom and
  2. The plant kingdom is a component of biotic.
  • While sunlight, soil, water, air, and other components are abiotic.


Natural environment

   


  • The combined zone

  1. biotic and
  2. A biotic form is a zone of the natural environment.
  • But, we need to notice in the natural environment that the deciding factor in nature is where the human being depends upon nature for survival. 
  • For example, the Nomadic tribes move with the transformation of seasons from one place to another in a circular manner, with the circular transformation of nature.

👉ALL PAGES- LINKS INDEX👀

 

 Human environment

      

Other than the natural environment, those anthropogenic activities, which have effects on the natural environment and result in modification, such as

  1. Construction of the bridge buildings,
  2. demarcated area (SEZ, Cantonment area, No man's land on the border),
  3. agricultural activities (Africulture fields, Jhooming practices),
  4. industrial activities, and 
  5. Many other factors, as shown in the above image, are components of the human-made environment known as the "human environment".


 

Lithosphere

     

  • The solid upper portion of the earth, which, in simple terms, is known as the crust or the earth's surface, has an irregular terrain or relief, is covered with a thin layer of soil, and has a composition of
  1. rocks,
  2. metals, and
  3. Minerals are known as the lithosphere.


 

Hydrosphere



The various forms of water bodies, such as

  1. Ocean,
  2. groundwater,
  3. river,
  4. lakes,
  5. water vapour and
  6. Droplets in the air are an example of the Earth's hydrosphere.

  • The total amount of water on Earth is almost fixed since the formation of the present Earth atmosphere-driven system, where water keeps moving from one form to another through the water cycle.
  • So, the total water does not disappear, but its distribution and percentage in different forms can change.

For example:

  • More water may exist as water vapour in the atmosphere.
  • More ice is melting due to global warming and is becoming liquid water. 
  • This acts as a catalyst by releasing more methane in the environment, resulting in a warmer planet with more water vapour.
  • Groundwater may be reduced due to overuse and crust over-heating, territorial radiation.
  • Ocean water increases due to glacier melting.
  • All that is happening thanks to human activities, which are changing the balance of water in different forms. These activities are called "anthropogenic factors".
  • In one of the latest examples, news is flashing that "Naini Lake, Nainital", with respect to water level, is at an all-time low level, just about 02 feet



Atmosphere

    


  • A mixture of -
  1. gases,
  2. Water Vapour, and
  3. Dust particles that surround the Earth, like a blanket, form the atmosphere.
  4. It is held by the gravitational pull of the Earth.


Biosphere



An "interaction + interconnected + interdependent" zone where all the above-mentioned zones- 

  1. The lithosphere, 
  2. hydrosphere, and 
  3. The atmosphere 
  4. With all its kinds, the biotic and abiotic components interact
  5. As a consequence, life evolves there and sustains, known as the biosphere. 


Ecosystem

      

  • In the previous heading, we discussed the biosphere, which is the zone of the Earth where life exists. 
  • Life emerges and continues in the biosphere because of the interconnected and interdependent relationships between biotic and abiotic components.
  • However, this interaction between biotic and abiotic components must remain balanced. It means that the transfer of energy and matter should take place in a "proper proportion"—neither more than required nor less than required. 
  • If this balance is disturbed, the natural system would become unstable, which we are seeing in the name of global warming. 
  • "The system in which living and non-living components interact with each other, and energy is transferred in a balanced and proportional manner", is known as an ecosystem.
  • For example, land cannot have 100% vegetation cover everywhere because some land is naturally used for rivers, mountains, deserts, settlements, agriculture, roads and other purposes. At the same time, vegetation cover must not become too low. If vegetation decreases excessively, dryness increases, soil loses moisture, land becomes dry, and the chances of soil erosion and desertification also increase.
  • This -
  1. balanced interaction, 
  2. mutual relationship and 
  3. The proportional transfer of energy among biotic and abiotic components is called an ecosystem.

👉NCERT-GEOGRAPHY-CLASS-07-LINK-PAGE 👀 



🙏🙏.....


Comments

Post a Comment