NCERT Geography Class 6 Chapter 1: The Earth in the Solar System – Moon, Stars, Planets and Galaxies

  

Poornima

• When we see a full yellowish-coloured moon in the sky.
• Also known as the full moon. So that night is known as a full moon (Poornima) night.            

Amavasya

1. By studying the above diagram, when we have the moon in the middle of the Sun and Earth, causing the night on Earth without the moon. 
2. That is complete darkness in the sky known as Amavasya or a new moon night.

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New Moon Night

 

• When Amavasya occurs, that night is called the New Moon Night.
• On this night, the Moon is generally not visible from Earth because the illuminated side of the Moon faces away from us.
• From the very next night, we begin to see a very small illuminated portion of the Moon. With each upcoming night, the illuminated portion of the Moon gradually increases.
• This increasing phase continues until the Moon becomes fully illuminated on the night of Poornima / Full Moon.

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Celestial bodies

The matter in space -

1. which is observable, 
2. with a definite mass -&- structure 
3. high density to solidness
4. A round object is called a celestial body.

Star

That celestial body -

1. Which has its own heat and light, a known star. 
2. Our sun is a star.
3. Which gets its heat and light from nuclear fusion.

Note- The minimum temperature required to transform into a star is 01 Crore Degree Centigrade. 

Constellations

• A group of stars forming "definite positioned patterns" of stars in space is known as a constellation. 

Ursa Major or Big Bear

    It is the name of one of the constellations. 

Saptarishi

• The Indian name was given to the constellation, which is part of Ursa Major.

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Pole star

• The star in the sky that indicates the north direction is known as the North Star, also known by the name "Pole Star." 

Planets

• That celestial body does not have its own heat and light and is illuminated by the light of the sun. 

Solar system

• A definite composition in which we have our.

1. Son 
2. 8 planets 
3. satellites 
4. belt of asteroids 
5. meteoroids 
6. comets and 
7. Dust particles are known as the solar system.

     

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Pulling force

• The force by which the sun binds up the solar system is known as the pulling force of the sun.

Orbit

• By its pulling force, the sun binds us together with our solar system.
• In this system, the planet does its revolution around the sun in a definite route with a definite time.
• This route, which is elongated in shape, is known as an orbit.

       

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Earth twin

• Venus is known to be the planet as the Earth's twin planet because of its 

1.  size and 
2.  The shape is very much identical to that of Earth. 

     

Pluto

• Before 2006, Pluto was the ninth planet in our solar system.
• In 2006, a meeting of the International Astronomical Union, headquartered in Paris, declared Pluto no longer a planet and converted it into a dwarf planet.

       

Geoid

• Earth's shape is not a spherical one, but actually, it is flattened on its north pole and the South Pole, & having a bulge in the middle.
• So this flattened pole shape is known as a Geoid.

Blue planet

• Three-fourths of our planet Earth is covered by water.
• Because naturally, water has a blue colour, that's why Earth is known as the blue planet.

      

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The favorable conditions that support life on Earth?

1. Solid surface
2. Temperature 
3. Water and 
4. Air is the primary component for sustaining life. On the earth, these elements are in a proportional manner, which is why we have-

     

1. not too much hot or too much cold temperature, 
2. availability of freshwater along with saline water, and
3. The presence of oxygen in the air.

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Satellite

1.       A celestial body that 
2.      Does a revolution around the planet 
3.      A satellite is known as a definite orbit.
4.      The moon is a satellite of our Earth.

The orbital period of the moon

• The moon, which is the natural satellite of the Earth, has 27 orbital periods. 

Asteroid

1. Between the mass and the Jupiter planet, we have a narrow belt of celestial bodies of different shapes and sizes known as asteroids.
2. Asteroids in an orbit revolve around the Sun.

   

Meteor

• In the solar system, we have celestial bodies, which do not have a fixed orbit, but revolve around the sun, known as meteoroids. 

              

Astronomers

• The human beings who study space, celestial bodies, and their movements are called astronomers.

Aryabhatt

1. Aryabhatt was the great Indian astronomer who, in the 5th century, by studying the celestial bodies, declared that the
2. Earth revolves around the sun.
3. That is the sun at the centre of the solar system. 

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Akash Gnaga / Milky Way galaxy

• A cluster of stars, interstellar gas & matter in space is known as a galaxy.
• In-universe, we have thousands of galaxies.
• Out of these, the galaxy in which our solar system is situated is known as the Milky Way galaxy.
• The Indian astronomers in ancient times called the Milky Way galaxy Akash Ganga.

     

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