NCERT-GEOGRAPHY-CLASS-7-NOTES-CHAPTER-06

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👉NCERT-GEOGRAPHY-CLASS-7-NOTES 👀 


  Key TERMINOLOGIES

  

 

Height and character of the vegetation

      
  • As we know, with increasing height, the composition and the atmosphere's density vary with an average decrease.
  • With this variation, in proportionality, temperature and moisture also vary, which ultimately causes variation regarding vegetational character.

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Temperature and moisture

  • Temperature and moisture are the two most important constituents for

  1. growth -&-
  2. the character of the vegetation.

 

Slope and soil thickness

  • Along with temperature and moisture, which are the two most important constituents,

  1.    Slope, and
  2.    The thickness of the soil is an additional constituent for the growth -&- development of vegetation.


Broad categories of natural vegetation 




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Forest and its classification 


  • In the classification of natural vegetation, based on geographical space, a large area with natural vegetation, covered by trees, is known as a forest.
  • Concerning the forest, we have the following classification:

 


Tropical evergreen forest

      

  • This forest cover is found in the tropical region, which is the area between the tropic of Cancer to the tropic of Capricorn.
  • mainly found near-
  1. the Equatorial regions (Amazon Basin, Congo Basin, Indonesia), and 
  2. In the tropical region- coastal and mountain regions -with high rainfall throughout the year.”
  • This forest is the highest in all kinds of forest very dance, so much so that, having a canopy does not even allow it to pass sunlight to the ground.
  • Do not shed its leaves according to the season.
  • In the tropical zone, we don't have any seasons.
  • That's why they shed their leaves at different times of the year; as a result, they always look green, which is why it is also called the tropical evergreen forest.
  • These forests are the product of an-
  1. an effective amount of temperature, and 
  2. More than 200+ cm of annual rainfall.
  • Also known as the "Rainy forest".

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Tropical deciduous forest 

  • Generally found in the middle of 
  1. equatorial evergreen forests, and 
  2. The tropical desert regions.
  • These forests shed their leaves according to the season, which is why known as deciduous forests.
  • Mainly found in-
  1. India, 
  2. Australia, and 
  3. Central America.

 

Why do the trees shed their leaves?

  • In tropical evergreen forests, annual rainfall is generally more than 200 cm. Therefore, these regions do not experience a distinct dry season throughout the year. As a result, trees remain green and retain their leaves continuously.

  • However, in forests other than tropical evergreen forests, seasonal changes are a natural phenomenon. During the dry season, water availability decreases, and trees try to conserve water.
  • So, to reduce the loss of water through transpiration, trees shed their leaves. Hence, such forests are known as deciduous forests.

 

Temperate evergreen forest

  • These forests are located in the mid-latitudinal coastal regions.
  • And generally found on the eastern margin of the coastal region.
  • Mainly found in the coastal margin of

01-  Southeast USA,

02-  South China and

03-  Southeast Brazil.

 

Temperate deciduous forest

  • These forests are generally found in the mid-latitudes, but 

  1. especially in the interior, and 

  2. eastern parts of continents, away from the humid coastal regions where temperate evergreen forests are commonly found.

  • So, the prominent regions are:

  1. North-Eastern USA
  2. China 
  3. Parts of Europe
  4. Cjile, and
  5. New Zealand

 

Pheasant and Monal

     

  • These are the names of birds that we found in the temperate deciduous forest.

 

Mediterranean vegetation

  • The name has been derived from the Mediterranean Sea.
  • The Mediterranean vegetation we find on the western margins of the continent.
  • Mostly found in the area around the Mediterranean Sea in

  1. Southern Europe,
  2. Africa, and
  3. West Asia.
Along with this region, also found in the
  1. California, USA
  2. Cape region, South Africa,
  3. South-west (Central Chile), South America, and
  4. South West Australia.

  • We can see this is the vegetation of the western margin of the continents.
  • This vegetation is marked by hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters.
  • In the process of developing agriculture, the people over here clear the forest very rapidly.
  • As a result, we don't have much wildlife variation in this Mediterranean vegetation region.
  • The vegetation is famous for citrus fruits such as-
  1. Orange
  2. Lemon,
  3. Grapes, and 
  4. Olive

 

Coniferous forest

  • Coniferous forests are found in the higher latitudes between 50° and 70° North latitude, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. These forests are also known as =

  1. Taiga Forests or 
  2. Boreal Forests.

  • The trees in these forests are generally tall, softwood, and evergreen in nature. 
  • They have cone-shaped leaves, which help them survive in cold climatic conditions.
  • The softwood obtained from coniferous forests is highly useful for the paper and newsprint industry as it provides good-quality pulp. 
  • Common trees found in these forests include pine, fir, spruce, and cedar.


👉NCERT-GEOGRAPHY-CLASS-6-NOTES👀


Grass Land Classification


Tropical Grassland

  • The grasses, tall in height from 3 to 4 meters and brown in colour, which we found in the tropical region from the equator up to the Tropic of Cancer and up to the Tropic of Capricorn, are known as Tropical Grassland.
  • The savanna grassland of Africa is a classic example of a Tropical Grassland.

 

Savannah grassland

  • The grassland is found in Africa, and which is the classic example of Tropical Grassland is known as the Savanna grassland.

 

Temperate grassland

  • In the mid-latitudinal zone and to the interior of the continent, the grassland is temperate grassland.
  • These grasses, in comparison to Savannah, are short in height but very nutritious.

 

Thorny bushes

  • In the region where we have a low amount of rainfall, which makes an almost dry desert-like situation, the vegetation cover is very scarce, and the vegetation grows in the form of bushes.

 

Tropical desert

  • A Desert is a place that has annual rainfall of less than 25 CM.
  • The tropical desert we found on the Western margin of the continent is just because of the instrumentality of-
  1. trade winds, and
  2. Cod Ocean Currents

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 Tundra vegetation

  • Very scars and dispersed vegetation are found in the polar region known as Tundra vegetation.
  • We found this vegetation in the parts of

  1.  Europe,
  2.  Asia, and
  3.  North America.



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