NCERT-GEOGRAPHY-CLASS-6-CHAPTER-2

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👉CHAPTER-01


Globe


  • A true, but miniature model of the Earth is called the globe.



Axis




  1.  An imaginary line
  2. which we are supposed to pass through the Centre of the Earth, and
  3. Connecting the North Pole to the South Pole of the Earth is known as the Axis.
TYPES OF AXIS

 
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Equator  

  1. An imaginary line that is the longest circumference of the Earth in the middle, and
  2. divides the earth into two equal hemispheres.



          




Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere

         


  1. The Equator divides the Earth into two equal hemispheres 
  2. In which the northward known as the Northern Hemisphere, and 
  3. southward known as the Southern Hemisphere.

Important locational reference point



  • The Equator is known as an important locational reference point, which has its value at "0" degrees.

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North latitudes and South latitudes  


Latitudes-,

  1. those imaginary lines 
  2. which have been done horizontally over the Earth's surface, and 
  3. makes a complete circle (circumference) around it, known as latitudes. That circumference around the earth 

So, the latitudes situated in the northern hemisphere are called Northern latitudes, and those situated in the Southern hemisphere are known as Southern latitudes.

     


  

Tropic of Cancer

  1. One of the important latitudes situated in the Northern Hemisphere has a value of 23.5 degrees north.

Tropic of Capricorn

Like the tropic of Cancer, an important latitude of the southern Hemisphere has a value of 23.5 degrees South known as the Tropic of Capricorn.




Arctic circle

  • An important latitude situated in the Northern hemisphere, having its value of 66.5 degrees north.

 

Antarctic Circle

  • Important latitude situated in the Northern hemisphere, having a value of 66.5 degrees south.

Torrid zone

  1. The area of the earth is situated between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, known as the torrid zone.
  2. Throughout the year, this area receives vertical sun rays, and 
  3. has the highest average temperature.
       

Temperate zone

The area is-

  1. situated between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere, and
  2. The Tropic of Capricorn to the Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere is known as the temperate zone.


Prime meridian

  • With a "0" degrees value, the vertical line connecting the North Pole to the South Pole or the South Pole to the North Pole over the Earth is called the prime meridian. 

     


Eastern hemisphere

  • The vertical area over the Earth, starting from the prime meridian to 180 degrees east longitude, is known as the eastern hemisphere.


Western hemisphere


Vertical area over the Earth starting from the prime meridian - "0" degree to "180" degrees West longitude, known as the Western hemisphere.

 

Longitudes- 

Those- 

  1. imaginary lines,
  2. which have been drawn vertically 
  3. from North to South, and 
  4. makes a “half circle” over the surface of the Earth, known as longitudes.


Each hemisphere that is-

  1. “Eastern -&- Western hemisphere” 
  2. have 180 longitudes each, and, 
  3. That’s how, in total, on the Earth, we have 360 longitudes.

Note –

  1. The “exact counting number” is 361, but the 180-degree angle is the “common player” for both the eastern hemisphere and western hemisphere, which is why we need to subtract one.
  2. So the total counting is 360 (360=1+180+180-1)

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Bullet points

1.     Altogether we have 181 latitudes in counting on the Earth.

2.     Altogether, we have 360 longitudes in counting on the Earth.

3.     Based on longitude, time determination is done on the Earth.

4.     In one hour, Earth moves 15 longitudes, which means 1 longitude in 4 minutes.

5.     The time will always be ahead in the east direction and will always be behind in the west direction.



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