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Processes
- To achieve or be done with a particular objective or goal, you need to do various kinds of activities in a chronological sequence, which is known as a process.
- The process is done under the natural condition known as a natural process.
Endogenic
(Internal) process
- The continuous movement takes place internally / within/ below the crust of the earth.
Exogenic
(External) process
- The continuous movement takes place above the surface of the Earth.
- It includes wearing and rebuilding the land surface.
Erosion
- The wearing away of the Earth's surface, that is, the material such as
- Stone,
- Pebble or
- Silt wears down in the natural process, which is known as erosion.
Deposition
- When eroded material accumulates in a particular place for rebuilding a landform known as deposition.
Categorisation
of landforms
- In categorisation, we have
- Mountains,
- Plateau and
- Planes.
River
of Ice / Glacier
- The water accumulates around/ at the mountain in frozen ice form known as glaciers or rivers of ice.
Mountains
Range
- When several mountains are arranged in a line, it is known as a mountain range.
- It is a series of "ridges" that originated in the same age and underwent the same processes
- These are long and narrow extensions.
- For example, the "Himalayan mountain range."
Types
of mountains
- In the types of mountains we have
- Fold Mountain,
- block mountain, and
- volcanic mountains
- Dome Shape (Formed out of Magma plume beneath sedimentary rock strata )
Fold
mountain
- The mountains are the product of the folding of the Earth's surface.
- That is when the Earth's surface lifted upwards with
- rugged relief,
- steep slopes, and
- high conical peaks.
Relief
- The alternative name is the terrain.
- It involved, in itself, -
- The vertical -& horizontal upliftment and
- Subduction of the land surface.
Block
mountain
- When a large area of the land surface is broken and displaced vertically.
- As a result, two features are created that are
- uplifted part and
- subducted part.
- The uplifted part is known as a
- Horsts and subtracted parts are known as a
- Graben.
Volcanic
mountain
- The mountains formed out of volcanic activity.
- A prominent example is the Andes Volcanic fold mountain of South America.
River
Valley
- These are the depressed areas of the Earth's surface.
- These are created through a natural process in which forces such as
- gravity,
- water and
- Ice erodes the land surface.
- The valleys are U / V-shaped.
- A valley formed out of river action is known as a river valley.
- Another name is the "Fluvial Valley".
Plateau
- Comparatively elevated flat land around its surroundings, with one or more sides with a steep slope.
- It is a flat-topped tableland.
Deccan plateau
- The Deccan plateau, which is on the land of South India, is one of the oldest plateaus in the world.
Tibet plateau
- Situated in the Himalayan mountain system is the world's highest plateau.
- That's why also known as the roof of the world.
The
utility of the plateau
- Plateaus are mineral-rich landforms.
- Known as the "storehouse of minerals"
- So, economy booster of a particular country.
- Example "Chotta Nagpur plateau" of Bharat.
Chhota Nagpur plateau
- The Chota Nagpur plateau, situated in India in the states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh, is a very
- iron ore,
- coal and
- manganese mineral-rich plateau.
Plains
- A very flat land with relief generally not more than 200 above the sea level is known as a plain.
- North India's plane or Sindhu (Indus) river Ganga river plains are the world-famous plains known for their agricultural fertility.
- These are the products of depositional activities where eroded material from elevated land, that is, a mountain or plateau, is deposited in the lower rugged flat land and transforms into plains.
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The
utility of plain
- Plain is very useful for agricultural production and water availability.
- That's why having a high concentration of the population.
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