NCERT-GEOGRAPHY-CLASS-06-CHAPTER-08

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Indian Climate 

Vegetation And Wildlife


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  • Before studying Indian Climate, Vegetation and Wildlife, we must understand why natural transformation takes place on Earth.

  • The Earth revolves around the Sun, and its axis is tilted at an average 23½°. Because of this revolution and axial tilt, different parts of the Earth receive different amounts of sunlight during different times of the year.
  • This creates variation in temperature over time. 
  • This temperature variation is the basic reason behind the change of seasons, climate, vegetation and wildlife.
  • So, the foundation of this chapter is: Revolution of Earth + Axial Inclination = Temporal Variation in Temperature = Seasonal and Climatic Transformation.
  • Now, with this understanding, we will study the chapter Indian Climate, Vegetation and Wildlife.

 


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Atmosphere

    


  • The blended mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth is known as the atmosphere.

 

Weather

  • The day-to-day transforming atmospheric condition is known as weather.

 

Climate

  • For a long period, for near about 30 +- years, the ideal /static weather condition that persists for a particular place is known as the climate of that place.

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Season

  • A particular and, on average, certain period of the year when it has a distinguished, specialised climatic feature-driven condition year on year, known as a season.


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Seasons of India

Four seasons India has –

Season according to "Bharat Ritu Panchang"



 

Summer season

     

  1. Sunrays are vertical in India, causing high temperatures all over India.
  2. The average temperature is high, causing the hot climatic conditions starting from March 1st to the 15th of June.
 

Winter season

  1. In general, sunrays are slanting in India, which are extreme in North India, causing much cold in North India and moderate temperatures in South India.
  2. Due to this incoming of winter in trpical is late which is almost negligible in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and South India 
  3. The average temperature is very low in North India, causing a cold climatic condition from December to February.


Loo

     
  • It is an example of a wind.
  • The wind, which is very hot in temperature and blows over the high-temperature zone of the Indian subcontinent-

01-    North India,

02-    Pakistan and

03-    Bangladesh.



 


Southwest monsoon

        

  1. Another example of wind.
  2. As we know, wind blows from a high-pressure (P+) towards the low-pressure (P-).
  3. Starting from April, a low-pressure belt -ITCZ-starts to shift towards India from the Indian Ocean, encircling a complete circle around June onward over India, causing the rainy season known as the "Southwest monsoon".



Autumn



  • The monsoon retrieval is the shifting of the low-pressure belt -ITCZ- from India towards the south, over the Indian Ocean towards the equator, known as the autumn season.
  • By observing the above image, we can easily understand that it is the time of the "Autumn Equinox". 
  • What is the Equinox? We have studied in the previous chapters.

 

Affecting factors of climate

 



  1. Altitude,
  2. location of a particular place,
  3. distance from the sea and
  4. The relief feature of a place determines the climatic condition.

 

Regional differences

     

  1. All over India, due to a wide range of geographical variations, we experience climatic regional differences.
  2. That is because a particular geographical region has a distinct climatic condition from the surrounding or nearby different climatic regions.

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Moderate climate

  • A moderate climate means a place having an accommodating type of climatic condition where climatic transformations are almost negligible.
  • For example, in the summer season, we continuously experience the summer despite the day-to-day temperature fluctuation conditions or having pre-monsoon showers.

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Mawsynram

  • A region in the state of Meghalaya records the highest rainfall worldwide.


 

Vegetation and Natural vegetation


A large patch of
  1. Plants,
  2. Shrubs,
  3. Grasses are the product of the inter-relationship between physical, climatic, and geological factors.

Vegetation means it has its own environment with the inter-relationship between -
  1. Physical,
  2. Climatic, and
  3. Geology factors.

That patch of vegetation that grows and develops naturally, that is, without anthropogenic interference, is known as natural vegetation.

 

Important/decisive factor of the character of the vegetation


  1. Temperature -&-
  2. precipitation of a particular place.

Tropical vegetation and evergreen Forest


Vegetation,-
  1. which has a yearly rainfall of more than 200 cm, is known as tropical vegetation.
  2. This vegetation grows in the torrid zone / Tropical Zone / 20 Degree N/S latitudes, in general, on the Earth.
  3. In a very specific latitudinal extension, the highest density of this vegetation is found between 10 degrees north and 10 degrees south latitude.
  4. Because in the torrid zone, we don't have a season, that's why the tree sheds its leaves according to its convenience, and not according to season.
  5. That's why all around the year, vegetation looks green; the result is known as evergreen vegetation.

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Tropical deciduous forest -&- Monsoon forest

  1. That vegetation has an annual precipitation of 50 cm to 100+ cm.
  2. This vegetation sheds its leaves in the spring season.
  3. The majority of vegetation in India is Tropical deciduous.


 

Thorny bushes

  1. This vegetation receives annual rainfall between 25 and 50 centimetres.
  2. Found in the region of  western Rajasthan & in the Deccan Plateau. 

 

Mountain vegetation

  1. The mountain vegetation categorisation is based on the altitude.
  2. With increasing and decreasing attitudes, the character of the vegetation also transforms.
  3. Found over the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, Nilgiri and Anaimalai hills.

Coniferous trees

  • The mountain vegetation between the heights of 1500 and 2500 m is commonly known as coniferous trees.
  • Found over the Himalayas region specifically.

 

Natural habitat?

  • A place where living beings used to live in a natural environment, known as a natural habitat.

Migratory Birds?

  • When birds change their locations to a new location that has a more accommodating environment due to the transformation in seasons known as migratory birds.








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